Red Herring Fallacy:
Diverting away from the actual argument by bringing up a different issue.
Example: Bringing up "black on black crime" as a reason to do nothing about systemic racism.
Ad Hominem Fallacy:
Attacking the person making the argument, instead of the argument itself.
Example: Stating that someone is uneduated, therefore their opinion is invalid. Calling someone a name instead of responding to what they said.
Anecdotal Evidence Fallacy:
Using a personal example to determine the entire argument.
Example: Dismissing racism because you personally haven't seen anyone behave in a bigoted manner, or that you cannot be racist because you have black friends.
Straw Man Fallacy:
Arguing against an oversimplified or distorted version of your opponent's argument.
Example:
Person A: The children's winter concert at the school should include non-Christmas songs too.
Person B: You won't be happy until Christmas songs are banned from being played on the radio!